Syntactic and semantic analysis for natural language processing

Syntactic and semantic analysis for NLP

In this article, we'll understand the two ways to interpret language; one is syntactic and the other is semantic analysis. Languages can be complex and can be understood if the right method of analysis is used. The two methods of analysis that leads to the understanding of languages are as follows, the first being syntactic analysis. Syntax represents the grammatical structure of a sentence.

It provides the logical meaning of sentence. Logical meaning in language is brought about by following the standard rules of grammar. Syntactic analysis involves the process of analyzing natural language with the rules of formal grammar. This is also called as parse and syntax analysis. There are primarily two types.

One is down parsing and the other is bottom-up parsing. Both are different parsing techniques and strategies used to understand languages. Next, let's talk about semantic analysis. While syntax looks at grammar, "semantic" is related to the meaning or a logic of grammar.

It involves the interpretation of sentences, words and sign in languages. This can help a computer partly understand natural language as human might have. There are primarily two types of analysis, static and dynamic semantic analysis.

Semantic analysis is trying to help give systems as additional context to aid them in interpreting language as human would have done it. Semantic analysis is an ongoing area of research and has not been solved completely yet. Virtual assistants have gotten useful because they are able to reply to questions that we ask them. However, they do not understand you completely as they do not know or remember who you really are.

A sentence that is syntactically correct can mean different things semantically. Sentence in any language tend to have a syntactic pattern which include components such as noun, verbs, and adverbs. For instance, in sentence: my mother cooks well, mother is the subject and cooks well is the predicate.

Another syntactic breakdown is that "mother" is the noun and "cooks" is the conjugated verb. To understand the underlining meaning of sentence, semantic analysis is used. Words used in languages can have different meaning and context depending on how they are used.

For instance, the statement "To sanction" means to permit something, whereas "to put a sanction" means to threaten or penalize for not following a rule. Another example, how the same word can mean different thing is the word "bank", which can mean a financial institution or a river bank. Now that we have a good foundational understanding of the language and how we can analyze it, in the following videos, we'll dig deeper into various tasks of NLP.

Summary:

Both Syntactic and semantic plays very crucial role in understanding natural language processing, while computers and their computing processes can understand and process grammar well but true meaning interpretation is still an ongoing challenge in AI.

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